Arizona
Standards
Language Arts Standards
Standard 1: Reading
(adopted 7/8/96)
Students learn and effectively apply a variety of reading
strategies for comprehending, interpreting and evaluating a wide range of texts including
fiction, nonfiction, classic and contemporary works.
READINESS (Kindergarten)
Students know and are able to do the
following: -
R-R1. Identify characters in a story and retell stories in
sequence
After listening to a selection:
PO 1. Identify main characters
PO 2. Retell storyline in sequence
-
R-R2.Predict elements and events in a story
After listening to a selection:
PO 1. Make predictions based on title, cover, illustrations,
text
-
R-R3.Identify facts in nonfiction material
After listening to a selection:
PO 1. Identify facts from nonfiction material
-
R-R4.Use phonetic skills to decode simple words
PO 1. Identify consonant sound/symbol relationships in the
context of words
-
R-R5.Comprehend the meaning of simple written selections,
using prior knowledge, letter/sound relationships and picture clues
PO 1. Demonstrate an understanding of print concepts (e.g.,
directionality, pictures, letters, words, return sweep, book handling skills)
PO 2. Derive meaning from picture clues
PO 3. Derive meaning from illustrations/print using prior
knowledge/experience
PO 4. Derive meaning from print using sound/symbol
relationships
FOUNDATIONS (Grades 1-3)
Students know and are
able to do all of the above and the following:
-
R-F1.Use phonetic skills to decode words
PO 1. Decode words in context using beginning, middle and
final letter/sound relationships
-
R-F2.Use word recognition and decoding strategies such as
phonetic skills, context clues, picture clues, word order, prefixes and suffixes to
comprehend written selections
PO 1. Derive meaning from a written selection using
reading/decoding strategies
- phonetic clues
- context clues
- picture clues
- word order
- structural analysis ((e.g., prefixes, suffixes)
- word recognition
-
R-F3.Use reading comprehension strategies such as drawing
conclusions, summarizing, making predictions, identifying cause and effect, and
differentiating fiction from nonfiction
PO 1. Draw conclusions based on the text
PO 2. Restate information from a reading selection
PO 3. Predict events, actions and behaviors using prior
knowledge and/or details to comprehend a reading selection
PO 4. Identify cause-and-effect relationships
PO 5. Differentiate fiction and nonfiction texts
-
R-F4.Identify facts and the main idea, sequence events,
define and differentiate characters, and determine an author’s purpose in a range of
traditional and contemporary literature
PO 1. Identify the main idea and relevant facts in a reading
selection
PO 2. Sequence a series of events from a reading selection
PO 3. Compare characters (e.g., traits, roles, similarities,
differences) in a reading selection
PO 4. Identify the author’s main purpose (e.g., to
inform, to entertain, to persuade, to describe) in a reading selection
-
R-F5.Analyze selections of fiction, nonfiction and poetry
for their literary elements such as character, setting, plot, sequence of events and
organization of text
PO 1. Compare characters, plot (including sequence of
events), settings across reading selections
PO 2. Explain whether the events in the reading selection are
real or fantasy
PO 3. Describe structural elements of poetry (e.g., rhyme,
rhythm, repetition)
PO 4. Describe the literary elements of fiction and
nonfiction
-
R-F6.Read and comprehend consumer information such as
forms, newspaper ads, warning labels and safety pamphlets
PO 1. Explain the meaning of specific signs (e.g., traffic,
safety, warning)
PO 2. Restate information found in consumer literature (e.g.,
safety pamphlets, newspapers, catalogs)
PO 3. Compare information in written advertisements
PO 4. Fill out a variety of
forms (e.g., contest entry, requests for information)
-
R-F7.Follow a list of directions and evaluate those
directions for clarity
PO 1. Follow a set of written directions
PO 2. Evaluate written directions for sequence and
completeness
-
R-F8.Recognize the historical and cultural perspectives of
literary selections
Note: For instructional purposes–not
for state assessment
PO 1. Identify similarities and differences
relating to theme, plot, setting, character and point of view in literature from different
cultures
PO 2. Compare real-life experiences to events, characters and
conflicts in literary selections from different cultures
PO 3. Recognize that some words in literary selections come
from a variety of cultures
ESSENTIALS (Grades 4-8)
Students know and are able to do all
of the above and the following:
-
R-E1.Use structural analysis skills such as identifying
root words, prefixes, suffixes and word origins to decode words unfamiliar in print
(Grades 4-5)
PO 1. Identify root words
PO 2. Infer meanings of words in a selection through
knowledge of prefixes and suffixes
PO 3. Confirm meaning of words using context clues
(Grades 6-8)
PO 1. Identify the effect of prefixes and suffixes on root
words
PO 2. Confirm meaning of figurative, idiomatic and technical
language using context clues
-
R-E2.Use reading strategies such as making inferences and
predictions, summarizing, paraphrasing, differentiating fact from opinion, drawing
conclusions, and determining the author’s purpose and perspective to comprehend
written selections
(Grades 4-5)
PO 1. Identify the main ideas; critical and supporting
details; and the author’s purpose, feelings and point of view of the text
PO 2. Distinguish fact from
opinion
PO 3. Summarize the text in own words (assessed at district
level only)
PO 4. Compare and contrast the text (e.g., characters,
genre, cultural differences, fact, fiction)
PO 5. Determine cause-and-effect relationships
PO 6. Identify the text in chronological, sequential or
logical order
PO 7. Make an inference using contextual clues
(Grades 6-8)
PO 1. Identify the main ideas;
critical and supporting details; and the author’s purpose,
feelings and point of view of the text
PO 2. Distinguish fact from
opinion
PO 3. Summarize the text in own words (assessed at district
level only)
PO 4. Compare and contrast the text (e.g., characters,
genre, cultural differences, fact, fiction)
PO 5. Determine cause-and-effect relationships
PO 6. Summarize the text in chronological, sequential or
logical order
PO 7. Predict outcome of text
-
R-E3.Analyze selections of fiction, nonfiction and poetry
by identifying the plot line (i.e., beginning, conflict, rising action, climax and
resolution); distinguishing the main character from minor ones; describing the
relationships between and motivations of characters; and making inferences about the
events, setting, style, tone, mood and meaning of the selection
(Grades 4-5)
PO 1. Distinguish the main characters from the minor
characters
PO 2. Summarize the plot line to include cause and effect
PO 3. Explain the interaction of major and minor characters
in a selection
PO 4. Draw defensible conclusions based on events and
settings
PO 5. Differentiate fiction, nonfiction and poetry based on
their attributes
PO 6. Explain cause and effect within the plot
(Grades 6-8)
PO 1. Describe the setting and its relationship to the
selection
PO 2. Describe the motivation of major and minor characters
in a selection
PO 3. Draw defensible conclusions, based on stated and
implied information according to style, meaning and mood
PO 4. Differentiate fiction, nonfiction or poetry based on
their attributes
PO 5. Identify the theme
- R-E4.Identify the author’s
purpose, position, bias and strategies in a persuasive selection
(Grades 4-5)
PO 1. Identify the author’s
purpose and use of details to support the purpose
PO 2. Describe
the author’s use of strategies to convince or persuade
- bandwagon
- peer pressure
- "loaded"
words
PO 3. Identify
the author’s bias
(Grades 6-8)
PO 1. Identify the author’s
purpose and use of details to support the purpose
PO 2. Describe
the author’s use of strategies to convince or persuade
- bandwagon
- peer pressure
- "loaded"
words
PO 3. Identify
the author’s bias
-
R-E5.Evaluate an instructional manual such as assembly
directions or user’s guide for clarity and completeness
Note: Can be used for 5th and 8th grades,
depending on difficulty of manual used for the assessment
PO 1. Identify the
components of an instructional manual (e.g., directions, tools
required, parts needed, illustrations, diagram sequence, bold
face for relevant steps)
PO 2. Incorporate
information from the illustrations
PO 3. Locate
support help in manual or from manufacturer
PO 4. Identify the sequence of activities needed to carry out
a procedure
PO 5. Identify information that is either extraneous or
missing (e.g., directions, tools required, parts needed, illustrations, diagram sequence,
bold face for relevant steps)
-
R-E6.Compare and contrast the historical and cultural
perspectives of literary selections
Note: For instructional purposes–not
for state assessment
(Grades 4-5)
PO 1. Compare one author’s perspective of a historical
character, setting or event with another historical or contemporary literary selection
(e.g., essays, autobiographies, fiction, nonfiction)
PO 2. Compare the lives and experiences of characters in
history to present-day individuals who have similar goals or face similar challenges
PO 3. Compare versions of traditional or contemporary
literature from different cultures for similarities and differences related to theme,
plot, character, setting and point of view
(Grades 6-8)
PO 1. Compare one author’s perspective of a historical
character, setting or event with another historical or contemporary literary selection
(e.g., essays, autobiographies, fiction, nonfiction)
PO 2. Compare the lives and experiences of characters in
history to present-day individuals who have similar goals or face similar challenges
PO 3. Compare versions of traditional or contemporary
literature from different cultures for similarities and differences related to theme,
plot, character, setting and point of view
PROFICIENCY (Grades 9-12)
Students know and are able to do all
of the above and the following:
- R-P1.Apply reading
strategies such as extracting, summarizing, clarifying, and
interpreting information; predicting events and extending the
ideas presented; relating new information to prior knowledge;
supporting assertions with evidence; and making useful connections
to other topics to comprehend works of literature and documents
PO 1. Extract critical details or
elements of literature
PO 2. Summarize the main points
PO 3. Make predictions based on evidence presented
PO 4. Extend ideas presented in the text
PO 5. Connect prior knowledge
to information available
-
R-P2.Recognize, analyze and evaluate an author’s use
of literary elements such as mood, tone, theme, point of view, diction, dialog and
figurative language (e.g., metaphors, allusions, symbolism, similes) in selections of
challenging fiction, nonfiction and poetry
PO 1. Identify the author’s use of literary elements
(e.g., theme, point of view, diction, dialog, character, setting, plot and figurative
language)
PO 2. Analyze the author’s use of literary elements and
figurative language
PO 3. Support a judgment of the effectiveness of the
author’s use of literary elements and figurative language
- R-P3.Evaluate the author’s
persuasive techniques in written selections such as editorials,
essays, reviews and critiques
PO 1. Distinguish
use of fact and opinion
PO 2. Identify
purpose (thesis, point of view, stand) of a selection and the
response desired from the reader
PO 3. Evaluate
the author’s bias and use of persuasive strategies to accomplish
a purpose
- faulty logic
- word choice
- sentence
structure
- propaganda
techniques
- organizational
pattern
- R-P4.Evaluate technical
journals or workplace documents for purpose, organizational
pattern, clarity, reliability and accuracy, and relevancy of
information
PO 1. Critique
consistency and clarity of purpose
PO 2. Critique
effectiveness of organizational pattern (e.g., logic, focus,
consistency, visual appeal)
PO 3. Evaluate
information for
- relevance
- clarity
- understandability
- logic
- reliability
and accuracy (e.g., expertise of author, appropriate use of
statistics, diagrams, charts)
-
R-P5.Analyze classic and contemporary literature
selections, drawn from American and world literature, for the universality of themes such
as the individual’s role in society, interdependence, and the interaction between man
and nature
PO 1. Draw a logical inference about the theme and support
the inference with evidence from the selection (e.g., symbolism, setting,
characterization, irony, conflict)
PO 2. Compare and/or contrast universality of themes with
real-life experiences and/or other works of literature
DISTINCTION (Honors)
Students know and are able to do all
of the above and the following:
- R-D1.Analyze complex
texts drawn from American and world literature in several historical
periods and movements to discern the universality of themes
such as the individual’s role in society, interdependence,
and the interaction between man and nature; and the author’s
use of literary elements and styles
- R-D2.Use a full range of strategies to judge the reliability,
accuracy, effectiveness, and persuasiveness of literary criticism and analysis,
professional and technical journals, and professional-level reading materials
- R-D3.Develop and support a theme or thesis about the craft and
significance of a body of literature, both classic and contemporary, from a diverse
selection of writers
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