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Arizona Standards
Science Standards
(Adopted 6/23/97)
Standard 5 : Physical Science
Students understand the nature of matter and energy including
their forms, the changes they undergo and their interactions.
READINESS (Kindergarten)
Students know and are able to do the following:
- 5SC-R1. Compare objects in terms of common physical properties
PO 1. Identify physical properties of objects (e.g., shape,
texture, size, color)
PO 2. Compare objects in terms of physical properties
FOUNDATIONS (Grades 1-3)
Students know and are able to do all of the above and
the following:
- 5SC-F1. Create mixtures (e.g., salt and sand, iron filings and
soil) and separate them based on differences in properties
PO 1. Construct a mixture
PO 2. Separate the mixture into original substances
- 5SC-F2. Demonstrate that light, heat, motion, magnetism and
sound can cause changes
PO 1. Demonstrate that light can cause change
PO 2. Demonstrate that heat can cause change
PO 3. Demonstrate that motion can cause change
PO 4. Demonstrate that magnetism can cause change
PO 5. Demonstrate that sound can cause change
- 5SC-F3. Demonstrate and explain that materials exist in
different states (solid, liquid and gas) and can change from one to another
PO 1. Identify the different states of matter
PO 2. Demonstrate that matter can change and exist in one or
more states
- 5SC-F4. Recognize that light travels in a straight line and
can be reflected, refracted or absorbed
PO 1. Demonstrate that light travels in a straight line
PO 2. Demonstrate that light can be reflected
PO 3. Demonstrate that light can be refracted
PO 4. Demonstrate that light can be absorbed
ESSENTIALS (Grades 4-8)
Students know and are able to do all of the above and
the following:
- 5SC-E1. Examine, describe, compare, measure, and classify
objects and mixtures of substances based on common physical and chemical properties (e.g.,
states of matter, mass, volume, electrical charge, density, boiling points, pH, magnetism,
solubility)
(Grades 4-5)
PO 1. Identify common physical and chemical
properties
PO 2. Compare physical and chemical properties of common
objects
PO 3. Compare physical and chemical properties of common
mixtures
(Grades 6-8)
PO 1. Classify objects and mixtures of substances based on
physical and chemical properties
PO 2. Analyze physical and chemical properties of
objects and mixtures
- 5SC-E2. Classify and describe matter in terms of elements,
compounds, mixtures, atoms and molecules
(Grades 4-5)
PO 1. Distinguish among matter, mixtures and compounds
(Grades 6-8)
PO 1. Classify matter in terms of elements, compounds,
mixtures, atoms and molecules
PO 2. Describe elements, compounds, mixtures, atoms and
molecules as they relate to matter
- 5SC-E3. Show that energy exists in many forms and can be
transferred in many ways
(Grades 4-5)
PO 1. Identify various types of energy sources
PO 2. Describe how energy is transferred
(Grades 6-8)
PO 1. Define the law of conservation of energy
PO 2. Describe how energy is a property of a substance
PO 3. Explain ways in which energy is transferred
- 5SC-E4. Identify and predict what will change and what will
remain unchanged when matter experiences an external force or energy change (e.g., boiling
a liquid; comparing the force, distance and work involved in simple machines)
(Grades 4-5)
PO 1. Define force
PO 2. Describe the effects of various forces on an object
PO 3. Describe how a change in energy will affect matter
(Grades 6-8)
PO 1. Identify properties of matter that will/will not change
when matter experiences external force or energy change
PO 2. Predict the outcome when matter experiences an external
force or energy change
- 5SC-E5. Describe, measure and calculate characteristics (e.g.,
speed, distance, mass, force, gravity) of moving objects and their interactions (e.g.,
force, velocity, acceleration, potential energy, and kinetic energy) within a system
(Grades 4-5)
PO 1. Define terms associated with moving objects
PO 2. Describe interactions of moving objects
(Grades 6-8)
PO 1. Analyze moving objects within a system using
Newton’s laws of motion
PROFICIENCY (Grades 9-12)
Students know and are able to do all of the above and
the following:
- 5SC-P1. Predict chemical and physical properties of substances
(e.g., color, solubility, chemical reactivity, melting point, boiling point)
PO 1. Describe physical and chemical properties that are used
to characterize substances
PO 2. Determine physical and chemical properties of a
substance through observation, measurement and experimentation
PO 3. Separate mixtures of substances based on their physical
and chemical properties
- 5SC-P2. Describe and explain properties and composition of
samples of matter, using models (including atomic and molecular structure and the periodic
table)
PO 1. Use models of atomic and molecular structure to explain
properties of matter
PO 2. Use the periodic table to predict properties of
elements and compounds
PO 3. Predict the properties of substances based upon ionic,
covalent, or hydrogen bonding
- 5SC-P3. Identify, measure, calculate, and analyze qualitative
and quantitative relationships associated with energy forms and energy transfer or
transformation (e.g., changes in temperature, velocity, potential energy, kinetic energy,
conduction, convection, radiation)
PO 1. Identify qualitative and quantitative relationships
associated with energy (e.g., heat, mechanical, electrical)
PO 2. Measure quantitative (e.g., heat, mechanical,
electrical) relationships associated with energy
PO 3. Calculate quantitative relationships associated with
energy (e.g., heat, mechanical, electrical)
- 5SC-P4. Observe, measure and calculate quantities to
demonstrate conservation of matter and energy in chemical changes (e.g., acid base,
precipitation, heat)
PO 1. Use the law of conservation of matter to explain the
quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions
PO 2. Quantify the mass relationships between reactants and
products in chemical reactions
PO 3. Use the law of conservation of energy to explain the
energy changes in chemical reactions
PO 4. Quantify the energy changes in chemical reactions
- 5SC-P5. Describe and predict chemical reactions (including
combustion and simple chemical reactions) and physical interaction of matter (including
velocity, force, work and power), using words or symbolic equations
PO 1. Express a chemical reaction by using a balanced
equation
PO 2. Predict the products of a chemical reaction using types
of reactions (e.g., synthesis, decomposition, replacement, combustion)
PO 3. Describe physical interactions through use of word
equations or formulae
PO 4. Predict the results of a physical interaction by using
an algebraic formula
- 5SC-P6. Describe and explain physical interactions of matter
and energy, using conceptual models (e.g., particle model for gaseous behavior)
PO 1. Demonstrate the use of conceptual models in science
(e.g., formulae, diagrams, graphs)
PO 2. Describe physical interactions of matter and energy
(e.g., phase change, gas laws, momentum conservation)
PO 3. Justify the validity of known conceptual models applied
to physical phenomena
- 5SC-P7. Demonstrate the understanding of gravitation as a
universal force that each mass exerts on any other mass
- 5SC-P8. Demonstrate qualitative understanding of the 1st
" Law of Thermodynamics (conservation of matter and energy) and the 2nd
Law of Thermodynamics (entropy)
DISTINCTION (Honors)
Students know and are able to do all of the above and
the following:
-
5SC-D1. Relate their prior knowledge and understanding
of properties of matter to observable characteristics of materials and emerging
technologies (e.g., semiconductors, superconductors, photovoltaics, ceramics)
- 5SC-D2. Model quantitative aspects of chemical and physical
interactions (e.g., rates of reactions, stoichiometry, electromagnetic phenomena, statics
and dynamics, eletrochemistry)
- 5SC-D3. Apply knowledge and understanding of chemical and
physical interactions (e.g., rates of reactions, stoichiometry, electromagnetic phenomena,
statics and dynamics, electrochemistry)
- 5SC-D4. Describe the changes (e.g., mass-energy conversions)
and predict products (e.g., particles, new elements) in nuclear reactions
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